Transaction costs include brokerage, taxes, impact costs, and the difference between intended price and executed price. In small and mid-cap heavy portfolios, this friction can rise during volatile periods or when liquidity thins. Over time, small frictions compound just like fees do.
A practical investor asks for clarity: turnover, average holding period, and how the manager thinks about execution. A manager who respects cost is usually a manager who respects process.
Truvest Insight: Net returns are built by avoiding silent leaks.
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